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The UN Group of Experts for example explained how an attack on Mavivi in February might have been linked to a local leadership conflict. The latter includes statistically recording the sales they broker as production and providing slips from production registers held in their offices to — falsely or not — attest to Prostitutes Ipis Cameroonian origin of the diamonds.

All participants in these national research projects faced the consequences of the Covid pandemic and Prostitutes Ipis creative ways to cope with restrictions in their countries.

The summaries of the resulting reports can be found Prostitutes Ipis. The research topic is all the more relevant as Cameroon is considered by the UN Panel of Experts on the CAR to be the transit hub for the majority of diamonds smuggled from that conflict-ridden country.

The smuggled Prostitutes Ipis come from both KP compliant Prostitutes Ipis non-compliant zones, with stones from the latter zones being defined as conflict diamonds by the KP. In the course of the field research, a wide array of stakeholders in diamond sector governance were interviewed.

These interviews took the form of focus group discussions with artisanal Prostitutes Ipis and community members, while individual talks were held with traditional leaders, the departmental and regional delegates of the Mines Ministry, mayors, brokers, and representatives of local NGOs, buying houses and KP focal points.

The research team established that at every point of the traceability chain oversight of the Cameroonian authorities is virtually non-existent and, Prostitutes Ipis worse, that KP focal points systematically facilitate the diamond trade themselves. Miners have not filled out production registers sincethe year of the last KP review visit. Even further down the chain, where under Prostitutes Ipis normally functioning KP regime duly authorized buying houses and their provincial Prostitutes Ipis should centralize the internal trade, blatant non-compliance with KP minimum requirements continues.

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These investors may or may not operate under a buying house license and unlicensed middlemen are sent to the East Region to collect parcels on their behalf. All these actors may Prostitutes Ipis as well trade diamonds in a private capacity and work entirely off-books.

Illustrative of the dysfunctionality of Prostitutes Ipis Cameroonian KP system is the common practice of KP focal points looking for buyers on behalf of diamond producers, while tending to the Prostitutes Ipis in the process.

As Prostitutes Ipis Congolese government is responsible for the management of its artisanal mining sector, it is also the main player in coordinating the implementation of present and hypothetical future initiatives.

The latter includes statistically recording the sales they broker as production and providing slips from Prostitutes Ipis registers held in their offices to — falsely or not — attest to the Cameroonian origin Prostitutes Ipis the diamonds. The research project was carried out in the summer of The aim of the research was to assess the extent to which diamond sector-related taxes and royalties are returned to the local level, or Prostitutes Ipis other words to verify if and how the Guinean fiscal system generates local developmental benefits.

To give a general idea of the size of the Guinean diamond sector: Production, which is entirely artisanal, in stood atcarats valuing USD 18 million according to KP figures.

Analysis of the mining code and related regulatory texts shows Prostitutes Ipis Guinean law prescribes a sophisticated redistributional system that aims at compensating mining areas for the disadvantages that come with diamond exploitation. Besides environmental impacts and the reduction of the agricultural labour force, mining also causes a migratory influx of young males, which leads to additional stress and nuisances for local livelihoods, such as alcohol abuse, prostitution and the related transmission of sexually transmittable diseases such as HIV.

Positive impacts of diamond mining mentioned by respondents to the study are: supplementary income through financial gains from labour; some infrastructural improvements that facilitate transport such as the refurbishment of bridges; solidarity between miners. Rural Prostitutes Ipis areas Prostitutes Ipis characterized by generalized poverty and the broad consensus among respondents is that the fiscal system does little to nothing to alleviate poverty in their region.

Redistribution to local communities however does occur but this is a matter of customary practices. These are steered by local power Prostitutes Ipis, and result in patronage and charitable initiatives by investors.

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In this context, some respondents also confirm that small percentages of the value of diamonds are redistributed to customary land owners and the locality.

Such practices can have beneficial outcomes but at the same time pose a challenge to the formalization Prostitutes Ipis the sector, while major developmental problems remain unsolved. These include a low level of schooling due to child labour, dangerous working conditions, destruction of forests and arable lands, unavailability of capital to ensure the self-reliance of miners, and a Prostitutes Ipis of decent social amenities.

East-Kasai is the main diamond producing region of the DRC, one of the most important producing countries in the Prostitutes Ipis in terms of volume exports in of 13 million carats valued at USD million — KP figures.

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Respondents in this research project were representatives of state authorities at the provincial level Mines Ministry and Mines Administration and the local level Services of the decentralized territorial entitiesand of the extractive companies concerned. Prostitutes Ipis latter are criticized locally for occupying hectares of arable land and often causing displacement of local communities.

These live in dire poverty with difficult access to health care and drinking water, dilapidated infrastructure, low levels of schooling and low to no access to electricity. In practice, the local Prostitutes Ipis is entirely overlooked and management of diamond mining companies only entertain relationships with the Prostitutes Ipis and central level of the state.

Legal obligations concerning the redistribution of wealth to the local level in other words remain dead letter. Therefore, GAERN will implement an advocacy strategy in the second half of to sensitize the local population and authorities about the rights Prostitutes Ipis communities to reap fiscal benefits from diamond mining. MCDF got involved in in a land rights case when the community of Patising village in the district of Mokhotlong, Lesotho asked for assistance in their struggle against Gem Diamonds.

This is Prostitutes Ipis London-based mining firm that operates the Letseng mine, which is the highest average dollar per carat kimberlite diamond mine in the world. Lesotho reported Prostitutes Ipis of Prostitutes Ipis. The Patising case dates back towhen the community was approached by the management of Letseng mine to warn the people of possible impeding danger from the slime dams created by the mine.

If these dams burst, there would be no escape for locals, and particularly elderly people in the community. Community members moreover started observing unusual rash and experiencing vomit coupled with Prostitutes Ipis upon using water that comes downstream from one of the dams. Letseng Mine at some point even encouraged the community to relocate, but at its own cost.

Initially, the Lesotho Minister of Mining seemed eager Prostitutes Ipis assist the community with strong recommendations and directives to Letseng mine. However, that enthusiasm was short lived for hitherto unexplained reasons.

The Minister even started opposing the plea of the community to be relocated. Meanwhile contaminated water suspected to be caused by the slime dams continues to inflict disease on community members and their livestock, with medical reports, according to close Prostitutes Ipis of three deceased Prostitutes Ipis inhabitants, indicating that their deaths Prostitutes Ipis related to water contamination.

As also the management of the mine adopted an obstinate attitude, MCDF decided to embark on strategic litigation and engaged senior counsel who has brought the relocation claim at the cost of the mine of the nineteen affected households to court.

The resulting report indicated high levels of nitrate and the possibility of high Prostitutes Ipis of ions, which might indicate pollution by heavy metals. The laboratory however was not sufficiently Prostitutes Ipis to reach conclusive evidence and recommended to send the samples for analysis to a fully capacitated laboratory, so that decision-making can be based on full results.

MCDF will continue follow-up and will seek funds for additional legal and scientific assistance to the Patising community. NMJD executed a research project in the summer of on social and economic benefits of diamond mining to local communities in Sierra Leone, a country which according to KP statistics exportedcarats valuing USD million in Some recent IPIS research documented how these movements prey on the local population through illegal taxation, pillaging, and even some interference in the local gold mining sector.

These gains however came at a terrible human cost. ADF fighters responded to the attacks through abductions and revenge killings against the local population. According to an evaluation Prostitutes Ipis, commissioned by Prostitutes Ipis UN, more than civilians died in November-December following attacks from alleged ADF rebels. Late Novemberprotesters in Beni even stormed and set on fire the town hall, as well as the MONUSCO headquarters, frustrated by lack of response to yet another massacre of eight civilians.

Earlyfor several weeks no new Prostitutes Ipis attacks occurred. On January 11, the spokesperson of the military operation Major Mack Hazukayi reported that 40 rebels had been killed, among which 5 leaders. However, the lack of retaliation attacks from ADF was no more than a short break.

Since January 21 Prostitutes Ipis string of new violent and fatal incidents have occurred. Although these attacks are often subscribed to ADF, but might, in several cases, also have been conducted by other Prostitutes Ipis men, most notably Mai Mai. Late January more than civilians were killed in just a few days. The Prostitutes Ipis and massacres continued in February, for example in Rwenzori sector.

Several observers, analysts and civil society actors have already expressed their concerns on the current failing strategies to deal with ADF, and with insecurity more in general in the Beni area. Local civil society actors expressed a feeling of being abandoned by the international community following the inactiveness from the UN against the latest wave of massacres.

The evaluation report commissioned by the UN called for a strengthened cooperation between MONUSCO and the Prostitutes Ipis Army and Police, to consolidate progress made by the military operations and to improve Prostitutes Ipis protection of civilians. Such cooperation should however go beyond Prostitutes Ipis, and address all sources of insecurity in the Beni area.

These gains are however very fragile. Furthermore, civil society complains about continuous collaboration between some actors within the army and armed group elements. Through military operations, it might be possible to capture all of ADF strongholds. A complete victory over the ADF, on the other hand, Prostitutes Ipis require Prostitutes Ipis more comprehensive strategy.

These rebels have been embedded in the area for the last 25 years, and have developed well-established support networks.

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Furthermore, more intelligence should be gathered to understand how the rebels remain a useful enemy for some political actors.

Beni victims say attackers wore military uniforms 22 February Al Jazeera. Victims of recent attacks by an armed group in Prostitutes Ipis eastern DRC have told Al Jazeera the assailants wore military uniforms and killed indiscriminately.

Plus de Killings, rapes and other Prostitutes Ipis of violence targeting the Hema community in Prostitutes Ipis Democratic Republic of Congo province of Ituri may amount to crimes against humanity, a UN report released on Friday said.

Samedi 30 septembre, Beni. Handheld Violence. So small, that a child who can barely speak can hold. So precious, millions of electronics from phone to airplane rely on it. So deadly, families are being forced to work in mines and villages are destroyed just for the control of Prostitutes Ipis mine.

This is the story of Columbite-Tantalite or commonly known Prostitutes Ipis Coltan, a mineral found in Eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Prostitutes Ipis Congo.

This is how representatives of the Banyamulenge described the situation in the highlands of South Kivu in a press release.

This community of Rwandaphone Tutsi cattle breeders claims it is being targeted by an extermination plan, led by the Mai-Mai Ebu-Ela, Prostitutes Ipis, Mulumba and Biloze-Bishambuke groups, allied Prostitutes Ipis Burundi rebel groups.

Is this really Prostitutes Ipis situation? In eastern Congo, a local conflict flares as regional tensions rise 28 October The New Humanitarian. The five sections of the report encompass an evaluation of the current political challenges Prostitutes Ipis opportunities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, an assessment of the current mandated tasks of MONUSCO, suggested new tasks, and conditions for a responsible drawdown. Local civilians are increasingly caught between Congolese ethnic militias and foreign armed rebellions from Burundi and Rwanda.

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The current UN stabilization mission Prostitutes Ipis — composed of over 20, personnel at a yearly cost of more than 1 billion USD[1] — fails to provide a comprehensive, localized response needed to promote lasting stability and social cohesion.

Current circumstances call for a rethinking of peace initiatives, based on a more profound understanding of Prostitutes Ipis root causes of tensions. The boy was sitting next to his father, as he so often did.

He mimicked his dad in every way. He wanted to be just like him, but Muhindo Maronga Godfroid, then a year-old primary school teacher and Prostitutes Ipis, had bigger plans for his 2-and-a-half-year-old son. He would go to university one day. The boy Prostitutes Ipis exceedingly smart.

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The women I meet in eastern Congo want an end to this war. The smuggled diamonds come from both KP compliant and non-compliant zones, with stones from the latter zones being defined as conflict diamonds by the KP. Costa Rica, San Jose, Ipis The implementation of initiatives created to address the conflict Prostitutes Ipis issue inevitably provokes further international attention and scrutiny.

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